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By
G.AnbuDragan
Simple past, be, have, do:
Subject | Verb | ||
Be
|
Have
|
Do
| |
I |
was
|
had
|
did
|
You |
were
|
had
|
did
|
He, she, it |
was
|
had
|
did
|
We |
were
|
had
|
did
|
You |
were
|
had
|
did
|
They |
were
|
had
|
did
|
Affirmative
- I was in Japan last year
- She had a headache yesterday.
- We did our homework last night.
Negative and interrogative
Note:
For the negative and interrogative simple past form of "do" as an ordinary verb, use the auxiliary "do", e.g. We didn't do our homework last night. The negative of "have" in the simple past is usually formed using the auxiliary "do", but sometimes by simply adding not or the contraction "n't".
The interrogative form of "have" in the simple past normally uses the auxiliary "do".
- They weren't in Rio last summer.
- We hadn't any money.
- We didn't have time to visit the Eiffel Tower.
- We didn't do our exercises this morning.
- Were they in Iceland last January?
- Did you have a bicycle when you were a boy?
- Did you do much climbing in Switzerland?
Simple past, regular verbs
Affirmative | ||
Subject
|
verb + ed
| |
I
|
washed
| |
Negative | ||
Subject
|
did not
|
infinitive without to
|
They
|
didn't
|
visit ...
|
Interrogative | ||
Did
|
subject
|
infinitive without to
|
Did
|
she
|
arrive...?
|
Interrogative negative | ||
Did not
|
subject
|
infinitive without to
|
Didn't
|
you
|
like..?
|
Example: to walk, simple past.
Affirmative
|
Negative
|
Interrogative
|
I walked
|
I didn't walk
|
Did I walk?
|
You walked
|
You didn't walk
|
Did you walk?
|
He,she,it walked
|
He didn't walk
|
Did he walk?
|
We walked
|
We didn't walk
|
Did we walk?
|
You walked
|
You didn't walk
|
Did you walk?
|
They walked
|
They didn't walk
|
Did they walk?
|
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Indirect SpeechReporting of what a speaker said without quoting his exact words is called ‘Indirect Speech’. More »
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12 Tenses in EnglishAn action is referring us to the past, the present of the future. It means the tense of a verb tells when an action occurs, occurred, or will occur. More »
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Active VoiceWhen using the active voice, the subjects are the ones performing the action.Passive VoiceIn the passive voice, the verb takes an object. More »
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Three DegreesAdjectives and Adverbs have three degrees Positive, Comparative and Superlative. More »
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Preposition vs InfinitiveWhen “to” is added to a Noun or Pronoun, it is called Preposition. But when “to” is added to a verb, it is called Infinitive. More »
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Gerund as Subject / ObjectWhen “to” is added to a Noun or Pronoun, it is called Preposition. But when “to” is added to a verb, it is called Infinitive. More »
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Modal Auxiliaries or ModalsAuxiliaries are called Modal Auxiliaries or Modals.
will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, must, ought to, dare, need, used to. More » -
Participles are adjectivesThere are three kinds of participles such as Present Participle, Past Participle and Perfect Participle. More »
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If X is true then Y is the resultConditional sentence makes statements about the real world. More »
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Monosyllabic, disyllabic and polysyllabicThe stress pattern may vary when a root word is used in different parts of speech. More »
Clause, Main Clause and Subordinate Clause
A clause is a group of words having Subject and Predicate. More »
Simple Past
FORM
[VERB+ed] or irregular verbs
Examples:
Complete List of Simple Past Forms- You called Debbie.
- Did you call Debbie?
- You did not call Debbie.
USE 1 Completed Action in the Past
Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.
Examples:
- I saw a movie yesterday.
- I didn't see a play yesterday.
- Last year, I traveled to Japan.
- Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.
- Did you have dinner last night?
- She washed her car.
- He didn't wash his car.
USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions
We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.
Examples:
- I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
- He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.
- Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?
USE 3 Duration in Past
The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.
Examples:
- I lived in Brazil for two years.
- Shauna studied Japanese for five years.
- They sat at the beach all day.
- They did not stay at the party the entire time.
- We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.
- A: How long did you wait for them?
B: We waited for one hour.
USE 4 Habits in the Past
The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same meaning as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.
Examples:
- I studied French when I was a child.
- He played the violin.
- He didn't play the piano.
- Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?
- She worked at the movie theater after school.
- They never went to school, they always skipped class.
USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations
The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar to the expression "used to."
Examples:
- She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.
- He didn't like tomatoes before.
- Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?
- People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.
IMPORTANT When-Clauses Happen First
Clauses are groups of words which have meaning but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when I dropped my pen..." or "when class began..." These clauses are called when-clauses, and they are very important. The examples below contain when-clauses.
Examples:
- When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question.
- She answered my question when I paid her one dollar.
When-clauses are important because they always happen first when both clauses are in the Simple Past. Both of the examples above mean the same thing: first, I paid her one dollar, and then, she answered my question. It is not important whether "when I paid her one dollar" is at the beginning of the sentence or at the end of the sentence. However, the example below has a different meaning. First, she answered my question, and then, I paid her one dollar.
Example:
- I paid her one dollar when she answered my question.
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
- You just called Debbie.
- Did you just call Debbie?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:
- Tom repaired the car. Active
- The car was repaired by Tom. Passive
Simple Past Tense
In the Simple Past tense, the action is simply mentioned and understood to have taken place in the past. The action started and ended sometime in the past but the time may or may not be mentioned.
POSITIVE STATEMENTS
SUBJECT
|
VERB (in past form)
|
REST OF THE SENTENCE
|
I
|
played
|
cricket yesterday.
|
You
|
played
|
cricket yesterday.
|
He
|
played
|
cricket yesterday.
|
Mohan
|
played
|
cricket yesterday.
|
The boy
|
played
|
cricket yesterday.
|
She
|
played
|
cricket yesterday.
|
Pooja
|
played
|
cricket yesterday.
|
The girl
|
played
|
cricket yesterday.
|
We
|
played
|
cricket yesterday.
|
You
|
played
|
cricket yesterday.
|
They
|
played
|
cricket yesterday.
|
The children
|
played
|
cricket yesterday.
|
For making positive statements in the simple past tense, notice how we use the verb in the past form for all subjects.
NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
SUBJECT
|
DIDN’T (DID NOT)
|
VERB (in base form)
|
REST OF THE SENTENCE
|
I
|
didn’t
|
talk
|
to Mohit last week.
|
You
|
didn’t
|
talk
|
to Mohit last week.
|
He
|
didn’t
|
talk
|
to Mohit last week.
|
Mohan
|
didn’t
|
talk
|
to Mohit last week.
|
The boy
|
didn’t
|
talk
|
to Mohit last week.
|
She
|
didn’t
|
talk
|
to Mohit last week.
|
Pooja
|
didn’t
|
talk
|
to Mohit last week.
|
The girl
|
didn’t
|
talk
|
to Mohit last week.
|
We
|
didn’t
|
talk
|
to Mohit last week.
|
You
|
didn’t
|
talk
|
to Mohit last week.
|
They
|
didn’t
|
talk
|
to Mohit last week.
|
The men
|
didn’t
|
talk
|
to Mohit last week.
|
For making negative statements in the simple past tense, notice how we use ‘didn’t’ or ‘did not’ and the verb in the base form for all subjects.
To be Statements + | To be Statements - | Questions ? |
---|---|---|
I was. | I wasn't. | Was I? |
He was. | He wasn't. | Was he? |
She was. | She wasn't. | Was she? |
It was. | It wasn't. | Was it? |
You were. | You weren't. | Were you? |
We were. | We weren't. | Were we? |
They were. | They weren't. | Were they? |
INTERROGATIVE STATEMENTS / QUESTIONS
DID
|
SUBJECT
|
VERB (in base form)
|
REST OF THE SENTENCE
|
Did
|
I
|
complete
|
the work?
|
Did
|
you
|
complete
|
the work?
|
Did
|
he
|
complete
|
the work?
|
Did
|
Mohan
|
complete
|
the work?
|
Did
|
the boy
|
complete
|
the work?
|
Did
|
she
|
complete
|
the work?
|
Did
|
Pooja
|
complete
|
the work?
|
Did
|
the girl
|
complete
|
the work?
|
Did
|
we
|
complete
|
the work?
|
Did
|
you
|
complete
|
the work?
|
Did
|
they
|
complete
|
the work?
|
Did
|
the men
|
complete
|
the work?
|